Chapter 14

The Spine

The spinal column is a series of bones extending from the base of the skull to the pelvis of which is also forms a part.  It is made up of seven cervical, twelve thoracic and five lumbar vertebrae.  The last of the lumbar vertebra (the fifth) articulates with the sacrum which is made up of five fused vertebrae.  The sacrum in turn articulates with the pelvic bones on each side and at its termination with the coccyx.  The latter is made up of three to five fused rudimentary vertebrae which is all that remains in the human of the vertebrate tail.

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